{"id":29620,"date":"2018-07-11T08:14:15","date_gmt":"2018-07-11T06:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ife.ee\/fr\/?p=29620"},"modified":"2019-07-11T13:44:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-11T11:44:42","slug":"le-14-juillet-en-france-celebration-de-la-prise-de-la-bastille-et-de-la-fete-de-la-federation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/le-14-juillet-en-france-celebration-de-la-prise-de-la-bastille-et-de-la-fete-de-la-federation\/","title":{"rendered":"Le 14 juillet en France, c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de la prise de la Bastille et de la F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <strong>14 juillet 1789<\/strong>, un contexte de crainte et d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e8gne en France pour deux raisons. La premi\u00e8re est que le tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 Necker, ministre d\u2019Etat de Louis XVI, a \u00e9t\u00e9 cong\u00e9di\u00e9 par ce dernier; il avait quelques mois auparavant convoqu\u00e9 les Etats g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, une assembl\u00e9e extraordinaire r\u00e9unie en temps de crise. Ensuite, la pr\u00e9sence de soldats aux portes de la ville n&rsquo;arrange pas la situation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">. En r\u00e9action \u00e0 cela, les Parisiens prennent le chemin des Invalides pour se procurer des armes; pour ce qui est de la poudre et des balles, ils se dirigeront vers la forteresse de la <strong>Bastille<\/strong>, symbole de l\u2019arbitraire royal, qu\u2019ils finiront par piller et d\u00e9truire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A partir de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 1789, des <strong>f\u00e9d\u00e9rations locales et r\u00e9gionales de<\/strong> <strong>gardes nationaux<\/strong> voient le jour partout en France. La Fayette, nomm\u00e9 commandant de la garde parisienne le 15 juillet 1789, avance l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une f\u00eate nationale pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer cette f\u00e9d\u00e9ration lors de l\u2019anniversaire de la prise de la Bastille; sa proposition est retenue par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e. Des dizaines de milliers de soldats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s viennent alors de toute la France pour d\u00e9filer \u00e0 Paris et prendre part aux c\u00e9l\u00e9brations qui dureront m\u00eame plusieurs jours, le tout dans un sentiment d\u2019union de la Nation. Il s\u2019agit de la <strong>F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette derni\u00e8re ne sera plus c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e en tant que telle pendant pr\u00e8s d\u2019un si\u00e8cle. En effet, jusqu\u2019en 1880, le 14 juillet sera tant\u00f4t comm\u00e9mor\u00e9 dans une ambiance peu festive, tant\u00f4t mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 au profit d\u2019une autre date. A partir de 1804 on lui pr\u00e9f\u00e8rera le 15 ao\u00fbt, date de naissance de Napol\u00e9on Ier, puis, avec la Restauration, c\u2019est face \u00e0 la f\u00eate de la St Louis, le 25 ao\u00fbt, que le 14 juillet s\u2019efface. Il faudra attendre les ann\u00e9es 1870 pour que l\u2019on parle de f\u00eate r\u00e9publicaine \u00e0 nouveau mais la cons\u00e9cration arrivera le <strong>6 juillet 1880<\/strong>, date de promulgation de la loi faisant du 14 juillet la <strong>f\u00eate nationale<\/strong> de la France. C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs le 14 juillet 1880 que le drapeau tricolore est devenu un embl\u00e8me national.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, pour ce qui est du 14 juillet 1790, il s\u2019agissait de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer l\u2019union de la Nation \u00e0 la date anniversaire de la prise de la Bastille mais, pour les ann\u00e9es qui suivirent, il s\u2019agissait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer cette fameuse F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de 1790 !&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Cependant, c\u2019est le plus souvent la prise de la Bastille qui est retenue comme motif de c\u00e9l\u00e9bration du 14 juillet. Que ce soit pour 1789 ou pour 1790, cette date du 14 juillet a \u00e9t\u00e9 une \u00e9tape n\u00e9cessaire pour l\u2019existence d\u2019une R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise unie; elle reste donc un symbole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-38540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/untitled-design-64.png\" alt=\"14 juillet\" width=\"1200\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/untitled-design-64.png 1200w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/untitled-design-64-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/untitled-design-64-768x404.png 768w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/untitled-design-64-600x316.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/fr\/blog\/\"><strong>Le blog de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Estonie&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 14 juillet 1789, un contexte de crainte et d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e8gne en France pour deux raisons. La premi\u00e8re est que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[411],"tags":[909,910,911,702,912],"class_list":["post-29620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-fr","tag-14-juillet","tag-defile-militaire","tag-fete-nationale","tag-france","tag-histoire-de-france"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29620\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}