{"id":46307,"date":"2021-01-11T18:41:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T16:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/?p=46307"},"modified":"2021-01-13T13:06:24","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T11:06:24","slug":"christophe-deloire-reporters-sans-frontieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/fr\/christophe-deloire-reporters-sans-frontieres\/","title":{"rendered":"Christophe Deloire, RSF : \u00ab Les journalistes ont une fonction sociale : celle de tiers de confiance \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;occasion de la <a href=\"https:\/\/aastakonverents.humanrightsestonia.ee\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Conf\u00e9rence annuelle sur les Droits de l&rsquo;Homme<\/a>, organis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Institut estonien des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme, Christophe Deloire, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res, est intervenu lors d&rsquo;une discussion men\u00e9e sur la place et le r\u00f4le des journalistes dans notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re des plateformes num\u00e9riques. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/fr\/conference-annuelle-sur-les-droits-de-l-homme-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nous en parlions ici<\/a>, la Conf\u00e9rence avait retenu pour th\u00e9matique celle des extr\u00e9mismes.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>1\/ Panels de discussion de l&rsquo;\u00e9dition 2020<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Une premi\u00e8re discussion, anim\u00e9e par la Chanceli\u00e8re de Justice estonienne Ph.D. <strong>\u00dclle Madise<\/strong>, l&rsquo;ancien Pr\u00e9sident estonien M. <strong>Toomas Hendrik Ilves<\/strong> et l&rsquo;activiste lib\u00e9ral estonien M. <strong>Tarmo J\u00fcristo<\/strong>, a eu lieu autour de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K-KKnzVnZ90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tendance aux extr\u00e9mismes \u00e0 l&rsquo;oeuvre dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Une seconde table-ronde s&rsquo;est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jieh7iMvxys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;ONU \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle internationale, face aux \u00c9tats qui violent les droits de l&rsquo;homme dans le monde<\/a>. Quels pouvoirs les Nations-Unies peuvent-elles avoir pour promouvoir les droits humains ? Sont-elles condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre impuissantes face \u00e0 ces \u00c9tats, voire devenir l&rsquo;antichambre de leur voix ? Pour en discuter, la Conf\u00e9rence a accueilli M. <strong>Urmas Reinsalu<\/strong>, ministre estonien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, S. E. M. <strong>Michael von Ungern-Sternberg<\/strong>, Ambassadeur allemand aupr\u00e8s des Nations-Unies \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, M. <strong>Carl Skau<\/strong>, chef du d\u00e9partement des Nations-Unies au sein du minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de Su\u00e8de et le journaliste estonien <strong>Neeme Raud<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>2\/ Le r\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias face aux extr\u00e9mismes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Enfin, une derni\u00e8re discussion s&rsquo;est tenue autour du <strong>r\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias face aux extr\u00e9mismes.<\/strong> L&rsquo;enjeu consistait \u00e0 analyser leur r\u00f4le : sont-ils devenus le reflet des positions extr\u00eames dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou sont-ils, au contraire, engag\u00e9s dans la lutte contre ces extr\u00e9mismes ? Quelle part de responsabilit\u00e9 ont-ils ou doivent-ils porter face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des extr\u00eames ?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les m\u00e9dias sont aujourd&rsquo;hui travers\u00e9s par de grands bouleversements<\/strong> : le d\u00e9clin de la presse papier, les difficult\u00e9s de mon\u00e9tisation de leurs mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques des m\u00e9dias en ligne, la concurrence des acteurs num\u00e9riques dans la cr\u00e9ation de contenus et dans leur diffusion, l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e de nouveaux m\u00e9dias <em>pure player,<\/em> m\u00ealant divertissement et informations, ont ensemble contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire perdre du cr\u00e9dit aux m\u00e9dias traditionnels. Cette nouvelle structuration des m\u00e9dias interroge alors le r\u00f4le des journalistes et affirme l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;\u00e9thique pour tisser un nouveau lien de confiance entre les m\u00e9dias et les citoyens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-46310 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/logo-rsf-300x105.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/logo-rsf-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/logo-rsf-768x268.png 768w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/logo-rsf-600x210.png 600w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/logo-rsf.png 1314w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pour en discuter, la Conf\u00e9rence accueillait en ligne M. <strong>Christophe Deloire<\/strong>, Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res, Mme <strong>Barbara Oertel<\/strong>, journaliste allemande, M. <strong>James Kariuki<\/strong>, Directeur des politiques multilat\u00e9rales au Royaume-Uni, M. <strong>Raul Rebane<\/strong>, sp\u00e9cialiste des m\u00e9dias estoniens et M. <strong>Indrek Treufeldt<\/strong>, journaliste estonien.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wZ1bFtSRX9k\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><em>La discussion est disponible avec l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-titres, \u00e0 param\u00e9trer sur Youtube<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>3\/ Les m\u00e9dias face au d\u00e9fi des extr\u00e9mismes, par Christophe Deloire<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\u201c <\/span>Les journalistes ont une fonction sociale, celle de \u00ab tiers de confiance \u00bb. <span style=\"font-size: 22px;\">\u201d<\/span>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lors de sa pr\u00e9sentation, Christophe Deloire fait \u00e9tat du d\u00e9ficit de confiance des citoyens \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des m\u00e9dias. Ces derniers ont selon lui perdu le monopole de la communication publique, avec l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des nouvelles plateformes de diffusion, qui introduit une \u00e9galit\u00e9 des opinions de tous les citoyens. L&rsquo;enjeu principal, d\u00e8s lors, devient celui de l&rsquo;organisation nouvelle de la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration publique pour offrir le plus largement une information fiable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/k8hye3kFdj8?list=PLc_mjw-l2oCQd7CfGv7FtWEunZfwSJ-HD\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Il faut le rappeler : les fausses informations se r\u00e9pandent six fois plus vite que les informations v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es. Ce potentiel viral ouvre alors la voie aux positions extr\u00e9mistes, renforc\u00e9es par la logique marchande des plateformes. Se pose la question de la conciliation des principes d\u00e9mocratiques avec l&rsquo;organisation de ce nouvel espace public, o\u00f9 les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques donnent l&rsquo;architecture au d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique en lieu et place des Parlements. Cet enjeu s&rsquo;inscrit au coeur de nos d\u00e9mocraties :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\u201c <\/span>Le propre des d\u00e9mocraties est de d\u00e9fendre une conception exigeante du journalisme. <span style=\"font-size: 22px;\">\u201d<\/span>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cy5y36D8tJI?list=PLc_mjw-l2oCQd7CfGv7FtWEunZfwSJ-HD&amp;index=5\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Finalement, Christophe Deloire rappelle les principes d&rsquo;une \u00e9thique du journalisme, qui doit reposer selon lui non pas sur une forme impossible d&rsquo;objectivit\u00e9, ni son pendant contraire de pure militantisme, mais plut\u00f4t sur le concept de \u00ab\u00a0subjectivit\u00e9 d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, forg\u00e9 par Hubert Beuve-M\u00e9ry, l&rsquo;un des fondateurs du quotidien <em>Le Monde<\/em>.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 24px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\">\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-46314 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dev.ife.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/photo-christophe-deloire-min-2-compressed-1320x880.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/>Christophe Deloire<\/strong>, journaliste fran\u00e7ais, est le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et directeur ex\u00e9cutif de <strong>Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res (RSF)<\/strong> depuis 2012. Il est, depuis 2019, pr\u00e9sident du <a href=\"https:\/\/informationdemocracy.org\/fr\/accueil\/\">Forum sur l&rsquo;information et la d\u00e9mocratie<\/a>. Il a dirig\u00e9 l&rsquo;une des principales \u00e9coles de journalisme en France, le Centre de Formation des Journalistes, de 2008 \u00e0 2012. Auparavant, il a travaill\u00e9 comme journaliste d&rsquo;investigation pour les sections politique et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du magazine d&rsquo;information fran\u00e7ais <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">Le Point<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\"> de 1998 \u00e0 2007. Il a \u00e9galement travaill\u00e9 pour les cha\u00eenes de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">ARTE<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\"> et <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">TF1<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\">, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 plusieurs films documentaires, \u00e9dit\u00e9 divers auteurs et \u00e9crit des best-sellers dont <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">Les islamistes sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e0<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\"> (2004), <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">Sexus Politicus<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\"> (2006) et <\/span><\/em><span lang=\"fr\">Circus Politicus<\/span><em><span lang=\"fr\"> (2012).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;occasion de la Conf\u00e9rence annuelle sur les Droits de l&rsquo;Homme, organis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Institut estonien des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme, Christophe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":170,"featured_media":46348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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